<div dir="auto">Tom, you’re amazing! Thanks for the continuing education (pardon the pun) on adult education.</div><div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, May 12, 2023 at 4:14 PM Thomas Sticht <<a href="mailto:tgsticht@gmail.com">tgsticht@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">



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<b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:rgb(35,31,32);border:1pt none windowtext;padding:0in">5/12/2023</span></b></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:rgb(35,31,32);border:1pt none windowtext;padding:0in">Mother’s Day: Celebrating Mothers as the Elixir of Children’s Literacy</span></b></p>
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<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:rgb(35,31,32);border:1pt none windowtext;padding:0in">Tom Sticht, International Consultant in Adult Education (Ret.)</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:rgb(35,31,32)">Sunday May 14, 2023 is Mother’s Day in the United States. Adult literacy educators have long known about the importance of educating mothers or mothers-to-be for the educational
 development of children. Here is a small selection of articles and other published works spanning almost a century demonstrating the importance of mother’s education on the subsequent development of children's literacy.<b><span style="border:1pt none windowtext;padding:0in"></span></b></span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:rgb(35,31,32);border:1pt none windowtext;padding:0in">1929 - Stewart, C. (1929). Mother’s First Book: A First Reader for Home Women. (Available online using a Google search). <br>
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</span></b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:rgb(35,31,32)"></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:rgb(35,31,32)">In 1929, Cora Wilson Stewart, founder of the famous Moonlight Schools of Kentucky, wrote a book called “Mother’s First Book: A First Reader for Home Women.” The lessons are
 centered around the home and the daily activities … they aim not only at teaching women to read and write, but at leading them to better home practices and higher ideals in their home and community life” (Stewart, 1929, pp. 5-6).<br>
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<b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:rgb(51,51,51)">1990 - Sticht, T. & McDonald, B. (1990). Teach the Mother and Reach the Child: Literacy across  Generations. Literacy Lessons, UNESCO. Online at: <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED321063__;!!DZ3fjg!4A3BWEOSXp5KehdUuHLKeuMPPUAWNMAWKH5jG8Q6B8LkXMb2_1qjdqtTHt3I9Qk5lvNLiSyLr8N5m6sJgA$" target="_blank">https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED321063</a></span></b></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;color:rgb(80,0,80);line-height:normal;vertical-align:baseline">
<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:rgb(34,34,34)">Significant reductions in adult illiteracy can be achieved most cost-effectively by focusing more resources on the education of women. These monies contribute not only to
 women's development but also to the educational achievement of their children. Educated mothers have more influence on their children's education; the children become literate adults who, in turn, produce more educable children. Maternal education also has
 an effect on fertility rates and the mortality and health of children. The contribution of educated mothers to the cognitive and language skills of preschool children gives the children an advantage and continues to affect their educational success.</span></p>
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<p style="margin:0in 7.5pt 0.0001pt 0in;color:rgb(80,0,80);line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;vertical-align:baseline">
<b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:rgb(42,42,42)">2012 - LeVine, R., LeVine, S., Schnell-Anzola, B., Rowe, M., & Dexter, E. (2012.Literacy and Mothering: How Women’s Schooling Changes the Lives of the World's Children.
 Oxford University Press. </span></b><b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:rgb(42,42,42)">Online at: <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://academic.oup.com/book/3384__;!!DZ3fjg!4A3BWEOSXp5KehdUuHLKeuMPPUAWNMAWKH5jG8Q6B8LkXMb2_1qjdqtTHt3I9Qk5lvNLiSyLr8Nth849uw$" target="_blank">https://academic.oup.com/book/3384</a></span></b></p>
<p style="margin:0in 7.5pt 0.0001pt 0in;color:rgb(80,0,80);line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;vertical-align:baseline">
<b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:rgb(42,42,42)"> </span></b></p>
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<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:rgb(42,42,42)">Data are presented on the literacy skills and maternal behavior of mothers in four countries – Mexico, Nepal, Venezuela and Zambia – finding that literacy and language skills
 acquired in school were retained into a woman’s child-bearing years, that literacy mediates the effect of schooling on a mother’s comprehension of health messages in print and broadcast media and on her health navigation skill … Literacy also influences mothers’
 tendencies to talk and read to their young children. (see review of book online at: </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:rgb(86,86,86);letter-spacing:0.75pt"><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/ed/12/09/illiteracy__;!!DZ3fjg!4A3BWEOSXp5KehdUuHLKeuMPPUAWNMAWKH5jG8Q6B8LkXMb2_1qjdqtTHt3I9Qk5lvNLiSyLr8NV0eooBg$" target="_blank">https://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/ed/12/09/illiteracy</a>)</span></p>
<p style="margin:0in 7.5pt 0.0001pt 0in;color:rgb(80,0,80);line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;vertical-align:baseline">
<b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:rgb(42,42,42)"> </span></b></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:rgb(34,34,34)">Sticht, T. (2018), Educating mothers to increase family literacy. Online at: </span></b><b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.proliteracy.org/Blogs/Article/373/Educating-Mothers-to-Increase-Family-Literacy__;!!DZ3fjg!4A3BWEOSXp5KehdUuHLKeuMPPUAWNMAWKH5jG8Q6B8LkXMb2_1qjdqtTHt3I9Qk5lvNLiSyLr8N6cXJfFQ$" target="_blank">https://www.proliteracy.org/Blogs/Article/373/Educating-Mothers-to-Increase-Family-Literacy</a></span></b></p>
<span style="color:rgb(80,0,80);margin:0in 12pt 3pt 0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:rgb(35,31,32)">Research
 by Wider Opportunities for Women found that mothers enrolled in basic skills (literacy, numeracy) education, often integrated with job training, reported that they spoke more with their children about school, they read to them more, they took them to the library
 more and so forth. These increases in cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors of the mothers’ children happened even though there was no teaching of these types of parenting activities. These types of changes in the parenting behaviors of the mothers was obtained
 for free as a spin-off of adult basic skills programs. <br>
</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:rgb(35,31,32)"> <br>
</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black"><b>2022 – Lyesmaya, D., Musthafa, B., & Sunendar, D. (2022. The Role of Mother’s Education and Early Skills in Language and Literacy Learning Opportunities, International
 Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research. Online at: <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ijlter.org/index.php/ijlter/article/view/5752__;!!DZ3fjg!4A3BWEOSXp5KehdUuHLKeuMPPUAWNMAWKH5jG8Q6B8LkXMb2_1qjdqtTHt3I9Qk5lvNLiSyLr8N0wFXJHg$" target="_blank">https://www.ijlter.org/index.php/ijlter/article/view/5752</a></b></span></span><b><span style="color:rgb(80,0,80)"></span></b>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0.0001pt;color:rgb(80,0,80);line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">
<b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black"> </span></b></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0.0001pt;color:rgb(80,0,80);line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">
<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black">Mother’s education and learners’ early abilities were positively correlated with learners’ language and literacy learning opportunities. Learners who have mothers with a high level
 of education receive significant opportunities to learn language and literacy compared to those with mothers with a low level of education. Therefore, their language skills are superior…. Mother’s education and child’s early skills really help children in
 language and literacy learning.</span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:16pt;font-family:Arial-BoldMT"> </span></b></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0.0001pt;color:rgb(80,0,80);line-height:normal">
<b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">2023 – Yu, S. (2023). The Influence of Mothers’ Educational Level on Children’s</span></b></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0.0001pt;color:rgb(80,0,80);line-height:normal">
<b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Comprehensive Quality. </span></b><b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences. Online at:</span> </b><b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://drpress.org/ojs/index.php/EHSS/article/view/4461__;!!DZ3fjg!4A3BWEOSXp5KehdUuHLKeuMPPUAWNMAWKH5jG8Q6B8LkXMb2_1qjdqtTHt3I9Qk5lvNLiSyLr8NxPh9Uxg$" target="_blank">https://drpress.org/ojs/index.php/EHSS/article/view/4461</a></span></b></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0.0001pt;color:rgb(80,0,80);line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0.0001pt;color:rgb(80,0,80);line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Effects  of mothers’ education on the comprehensive quality of children in three dimensions: Firstly, with regard to physical quality, mothers’ education level strengthens the prevention and
 treatment of illness and diseases and also fosters a healthier living lifestyle for children. Secondly, mothers’ education level benefits the development of children’s cognitive quality, individuality quality, and adaptability quality. Thirdly, children’s
 science and cultural literacy are affected by educated mothers.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0.0001pt;color:rgb(80,0,80);line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0.0001pt;color:rgb(80,0,80);line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Yu’s paper sums up many reasons for celebrating the contributions of mothers to the literacy development and other developmental outcomes of children:</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0.0001pt;color:rgb(80,0,80);line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0.0001pt;color:rgb(80,0,80);line-height:normal">
<b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">“In conclusion, mothers with higher educational attainment can promote the comprehensive quality of their children and help support the sustainable development of society.”</span></b></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span></b></p>
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<b><i><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Thanks for everything, Moms!</span></i></b></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span></b></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0.0001pt;color:rgb(80,0,80);line-height:normal">
<span style="font-family:ArialMT"> </span></p>
<b style="color:rgb(80,0,80)"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:16.8667px;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif";color:rgb(35,31,32);border:1pt none windowtext;padding:0in;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">Definition:
 Elixir: Cambridge English Dictionary:  </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:16.1px;font-family:Arial,"sans-serif";color:rgb(95,99,104);background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">a
 substance, usually a liquid, with a magical power to cure, improve, or preserve something</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:16.1px;font-family:Arial,"sans-serif";color:rgb(77,81,86);background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,0.87)">.</span></span></b><br>
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</blockquote></div></div><span class="gmail_signature_prefix">-- </span><br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><br></div><div>Richard C Anderson</div><div>University Scholar and Professor Emeritus, University of Illinois</div><div>Member, National Academy of Education<br></div></div></div></div></div></div>