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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Some years ago a friend gave me some
damaged mud nests full of syrphid prey, mostly yellow and black, but there
seemed no point in identifying them all as the wasp was not known. Francis
Gilbert’s Naturalists Handbook refers to work by Pickard in 1975 who
compared the syrphid prey of the wasp <i><span style='font-style:italic'>Ectemnius
cavifrons </span></i>with the syrphids in the surrounding habitat, so there are
clearly several species of wasp from different genera which specialise on
capturing hoverflies.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Malcolm Edmunds<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Kildare, <st1:Street w:st="on"><st1:address
w:st="on">Goosnargh Lane</st1:address></st1:Street>, Goosnargh, <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Preston</st1:City> <st1:PostalCode w:st="on">PR3
2BP</st1:PostalCode>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">UK</st1:country-region></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>medmunds@phonecoop.coop <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
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face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=3 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
syrphidae-bounces@lists.nottingham.ac.uk
[mailto:syrphidae-bounces@lists.nottingham.ac.uk] <b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Erik Sjödin<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> 15 August 2012 06:28<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Hoverfly discussion list<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> [Syrphidae] Re: FW:
Advanced hunting behaviour or what?</span></font><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=2 face=Verdana><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana'>Mellinus
arvensis is the most likely one and it is very common in sandspots in my garden
too, I really like watching the species when it comes with prey. But you should
not forget about Bembix rostrata Klaus... ;-) . This is also a fly-hunter, but
the species is quite uncommon and spectaculary large.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=2 face=Verdana><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=2 face=Verdana><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana'>--
<br>
N Erik Sjödin<br>
Knus Natur<br>
Gånsta 3<br>
745 97 Enköping<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=2 face=Verdana><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana'>On
14 aug 2012 16:23 "Klaus Lunau" <a
href="mailto:lunau@uni-duesseldorf.de"><lunau@uni-duesseldorf.de></a>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt' type=cite>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F497D'>Dear Syrpidologists,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F497D'>normal nest provisioning behaviour of a sphecid wasp like
Mellinus arvensis, I guess. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F497D'>See photo in:
http://www.bwars.com/index.php?q=taxonomy/term/359/all&page=2<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F497D'>Best wishes<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=DE style='font-size:
12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Klaus Lunau<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=DE style='font-size:
12.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=DE style='font-size:
12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Prof. Dr. Klaus Lunau<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=DE style='font-size:
12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Institut für Sinnesökologie<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=DE style='font-size:
12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=DE style='font-size:
12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Universitätsstr. 1<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=DE style='font-size:
12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>40225 Düsseldorf<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=DE style='font-size:
12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Germany<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=DE style='font-size:
12.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=DE style='font-size:
12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>tel ++49 211 81 13059<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=DE style='font-size:
12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>fax++49 211 81 11971<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=DE style='font-size:
12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>http://www.biologie.uni-duesseldorf.de/Institute/Sinnesoekologie<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=DE style='font-size:
12.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=DE style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
font-weight:bold'>Von:</span></font></b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=DE
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
syrphidae-bounces@lists.nottingham.ac.uk [mailto:syrphidae-bounces@lists.nottingham.ac.uk]
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Im Auftrag von </span></b>Francis Gilbert<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Gesendet:</span></b> Dienstag, 14. August
2012 14:58<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>An:</span></b> Hoverfly discussion list<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Betreff:</span></b> [Syrphidae] FW: Advanced
hunting behaviour or what?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=1 color="#1f497d" face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:
Tahoma;color:#1F497D'>Dr Francis Gilbert<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=1 color="#1f497d" face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:
Tahoma;color:#1F497D'>Associate Professor of Ecology, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">School</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Biology</st1:PlaceName></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><st1:City
w:st="on"><font size=1 color="#1f497d" face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;color:#1F497D'>University Park</span></font></st1:City><font
size=1 color="#1f497d" face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:
Tahoma;color:#1F497D'>, <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Nottingham</st1:PlaceName>, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Nottingham</st1:City>
<st1:PostalCode w:st="on">NG7 2RD</st1:PostalCode>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">UK</st1:country-region></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=1 color="#1f497d" face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:
Tahoma;color:#1F497D'>Tel: <span class=baec5a81-e4d6-4674-97f3-e9220f0136c1>+44
(0) 115 951 3215<font color=blue><span style='color:blue;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0cm'><img border=0 width=32 height=32 id="_x0000_i1025"
src="data:image/png;base64,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"
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cursor:hand;display:inline;float:none;height:16px;left:0px;margin-bottom:0px;
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top:0px;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap;width:16px;position:static'
title="Ring: +44 (0) 115 951 3215"></span></font></span><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=1 color="#1f497d" face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:
Tahoma;color:#1F497D'>website: <a
href="https://webmail.one.com/email/www.nottingham.ac.uk/~plzfg">www.nottingham.ac.uk/~plzfg</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=1 color="#1f497d" face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:
Tahoma;color:#1F497D'>
</span></font><u><font size=1 color="#0070c0" face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#0070C0'>ecology.nottingham.ac.uk<o:p></o:p></span></font></u></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Tahoma;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> Wittsell, Rasmus -
Xylem <a href="mailto:%5bmailto:Rasmus.Wittsell@Xyleminc.com%5d">[mailto:Rasmus.Wittsell@Xyleminc.com]</a>
<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> 14 August 2012 12:38<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <a
href="mailto:syrphidae@nottingham.ac.uk">syrphidae@nottingham.ac.uk</a><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Advanced hunting
behaviour or what?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
12.0pt;color:black'>Greetings</span></font><span lang=EN-US>!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>Today I
observed an unusual thing as I was having lunch in my garden. Being a former
ecology student (at the university in <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Lund</st1:place></st1:City><font
color=black><span style='color:black'>, 1980s</span></font>) I recognized that
this could be of interest to the right person<font color=black><span
style='color:black'>s</span></font>. In short, this is what I saw and I
also propose an explanation<font color=black><span style='color:black'>,
however far-fetched</span></font>:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>A wasp
(species undetermined) landed on the table in front of me. It looked strangely
deformed, so I took a closer look. The wasp was actually piggy-backing a
hoverfly (also species unknown). Obviously the wasp had caught the <font
color=black><span style='color:black'>hover</span></font>fly, but it was just
holding on to it in a way that <font color=black><span style='color:black'>reminded
me of a</span></font> mating<font color=black><span style='color:black'>
embrace</span></font>. It <font color=black><span style='color:black'>immediately
occurred to</span></font> me that the fly may have been fooled into allowing
the wasp to mount it. If this was so, it would <font color=black><span
style='color:black'>further </span></font>imply that the hoverfly was <font
color=black><span style='color:black'>a victim </span></font>of its own mimicry
strategy because the wasp had developed a hunting strategy that capitalizes on
it.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>I
don’t have any more information, as the insects promptly flew away. The
fly was still alive and it seemed to be <font color=black><span
style='color:black'>actively </span></font>participating in the flight<font
color=black><span style='color:black'>(, though it was probably just trying to
escape)</span></font>. Both insects were of equal size and the wasp was of a
rather small species, though I didn’t have time to observe it for more
than a few seconds. I live in <font color=black><span style='color:black'>Sjöbo
in </span></font>southernmost <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Sweden</st1:place></st1:country-region>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>Best
regards<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><font
size=1 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black;font-weight:bold'> </span></font></b><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>Rasmus
Wittsell<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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