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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>hi Pierre<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Nice to hear from you. And it’s great that you are rearing
hoverflies.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I am not sure what you mean by ‘raise’ because there are two
ways. By far the easiest is to get eggs from field-collected females, or larvae
from the field, and rear them through to adults. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>A completely different matter is to get reared adults to mate in
captivity and then to get a second generation from eggs. Thus many genera are ‘difficult’
because adults do not mate in captivity, or at least never have when it has
been tried. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Some species are ‘difficult’ because the larva has an obligate
diapause which must be undergone or broken in order for pupation to take place.
Gradually these species have mostly been reared because techniques for keeping
the larvae over the winter are reasonably good now. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>The only equipment for rearing larvae are small dishes and (for
predators) available aphids. For getting adults to mate in captivity you need
cages of a reasonable size (say, 60 x 60 x 60 cms) and adequate lighting.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Have you got Graham Rotheray’s book on hoverfly larvae? That
will give you most if not all of the information you need to rear larvae
through to the adults. There is no clear guide to rearing several generations
of syrphids, especially non-aphidophagous species, but I can send you some
papers if you would like.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Salut<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>FRancis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Dr Francis Gilbert<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>website: <a href="http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/~plzfg">www.nottingham.ac.uk/~plzfg</a></span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>BioMAP: <a href="http://www.biomapegypt.org">www.biomapegypt.org</a></span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'> </span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> syrphidae-bounces@lists.nottingham.ac.uk
[mailto:syrphidae-bounces@lists.nottingham.ac.uk] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Pierre
MILLE<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 06 July 2010 17:05<br>
<b>To:</b> Hoverfly discussion list<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re : [Syrphidae] temperature thresholds<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal>Hello Francis,<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><br>
I'll probably look a bit stupid but I find that it is possible to raise
hoverflies. I am a modest beginning in the study of this group. I have some
questions 1) what is the genus are more difficult than others to raise and is
what some are impossible to raise ? <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>2) What equipment do I need ? <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>Best wishes <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>Pierre<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
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<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
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<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
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<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
color:#0000BF'>Pierre MILLE</span></strong><strong><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif"'> </span></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
color:#0000BF'>3 avenue des buttes blanches</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
color:#0000BF'>95220 Herblay - France</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
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style='color:#0000BF'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</span></strong></div>
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style='color:#0000BF'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</span></strong></div>
<blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>
<blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='color:#0000BF'> </span></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p class=MsoNormal><br>
<br>
--- En date de : <b>Lun 5.7.10, Francis Gilbert <i><Francis.Gilbert@nottingham.ac.uk></i></b>
a écrit :<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br>
De: Francis Gilbert <Francis.Gilbert@nottingham.ac.uk><br>
Objet: [Syrphidae] temperature thresholds<br>
À: "Hoverfly discussion list"
<syrphidae@lists.nottingham.ac.uk>, mike.bowie@lincoln.ac.nz<br>
Date: Lundi 5 juillet 2010, 21h55<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>Hi Mike<br>
<br>
Here are the studies of the temperature effects on development that I know
of. They include some that estimate the developmental threshold. Let me know
if you need pdfs of any of them:<br>
<br>
Eristalis: <br>
Heal JR (1989a) Variation and seasonal changes in hoverfly species:
interactions between temperature, age and genotype. Biol J Linn Soc 36:
251-269<br>
<br>
Kendall DA (1985) Rearing and use of <Eristalis>. unpublished ms<br>
<br>
Ottenheim MM (1997) The evolution and function of phenotypic plasticity of
<Eristalis> hoverflies. PhD Thesis, University of Leiden, the
Netherlands<br>
<br>
Merodon:<br>
Collier RH & Finch S (1992) The effects of temperature on development of
the large narcissus fly (<Merodon equestris>). Ann Appl Biol 120(3):
383-390<br>
<br>
Eumerus:<br>
Zabirov ShM (1963) [ On the ecology of the onion-bulb fly, <Eumerus
strigatus> Fall. (Diptera, Syrphidae) ]. K ekologii lykovoi zhurchalki
<Eumerus strigatus> Fall. (Diptera, Syrphidae). Ent Obozr 42: 736-743<br>
<br>
Deeb MA El (1976) Ecological and biological studies on <Eumerus
amoenus> Loew and its control. MSc Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig
University, Egypt<br>
<br>
Gendy RH (1978) Biological studies on certain onion flies and their control.
MSc Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Ein-Shams Univ, Egypt<br>
<br>
<br>
Syrphinae:<br>
<br>
Dusek J & Laska P (1974b) Influence of temperature during pupal
development on the colour of syrphid adults (Syrphidae, Diptera). Folia Fac
Sci Nat Univ Purkynianae Brunensis, Biol. 15: 77-81<br>
<br>
Karelin VD & Bradovskaya NP (1974) [ Effects of permanent temperature and
humidity on the development of the preimaginal stages of <Scaeva
(Lasiophthicus) pyrastri> L. (Diptera - Syrphidae) ]. Vliyaniye postoyannoi
temperaturui i vlazhnosti na razvitiyepreimaginalnuikh stadii <Scaeva
(Lasiophthicus) pyrastri> L. (Diptera - Syrphidae). pp 31-34 in
Entomophags, phytophags and microorganisms in plant protection. AA Kuzin
(ed), Stiinca, Kishinev. 88 pp<br>
<br>
Rabbinge R, Ankersmit GW & Pak GA (1979) Epidemiology and simulation of
population development of <Sitobion avenae> in winter wheat. Neth J
Plant Path 85: 197-220<br>
<br>
Adams THL, Chambers RJ & Dixon AFG (1987) Quantification of the impact of
hoverflies on cereal aphids in winter wheat - laboratory rates of kill. Ent
Exp & Appl 43: 153-157<br>
<br>
Chambers RJ (1986) Preliminary experiments on the potential of hoverflies
(Diptera: Syrphidae) for the control of aphids under glass. Entomophaga 31:
197-204<br>
<br>
Ankersmit GW, Dijkman H, Keuning NJ, Mertens H, Sins A & Tacoma H (1986)
<Episyrphus balteatus> as a predator of the aphid <Sitobion
avenae> on winter wheat. Ent Exp & Appl 42: 271-277<br>
<br>
Saidov AKh (1974) [ The effect of various factors on the growth and
development of syrphid larvae ]. Vliyaniye razlichnuikh faktorov na rost i
razvitiye lichinok sirfid. Uzbekskii Biol Zh 1974(1): 47-49<br>
<br>
Tenhumberg B & Poehling H-M (1992a) [ Laboratory studies on estimating
the potential predatory efficiency of <Episyrphus balteatus> (Diptera:
Syrphidae) ]. Laboruntersuchungen zur Abschätzung der potentiellen
Prädationsleistung von <Episyrphus balteatus> (Diptera: Syrphidae).
Mitt Biol Bund Land- Forstw, Berlin-Dahlem 283-373 <br>
<br>
Soleyman-Nezhadiyan E & Laughlin R (1998) Voracity of larvae, rate of
development in eggs, larvae and pupae, and flight seasons of adults of the
hoverflies <Melangyna viridiceps> Macquart and <Simosyrphus
grandicornis> Macquart (Diptera: Syrphidae). Austr J Ent 37(3): 243-248<br>
<br>
Geusen-Pfister H (1987) [ Studies on the biology and reproductive capacity of
<Episyrphus balteatus> Deg. (Diptera: Syrphidae) under greenhouse
conditions ]. Untersuchungen zur Biologie und zum Reproduktionsvermögen von
<Episyrphus balteatus> Deg. (Dipt., Syrphidae) unter Gewächshausbedingungen.
J Appl Ent 104: 261-270<br>
<br>
Medvey M (1988) On the rearing of <Episyrphus balteatus> (DeG)
(Diptera: Syrphidae) in the laboratory. pp 61-63 in Ecology and effectiveness
of aphidophaga E Niemczyk & AFG Dixon (eds), SPB Academia Publishing, the
Hague, Netherlands<br>
<br>
He Jilong, Sun Xingquan, Gui Longme & Ye Wenjuan (1990) [ A preliminary
study of the bionomics of a flower fly, <Eupeodes corollae> (Fabricius)
(Diptera, Syrphidae) in Shanghai ]. J Shanghai Agric College 8: 221-228<br>
<br>
He Jilong, Sun X, Ye W, Shen L, Cai Y & Li Z (1992) [ Preliminary studies
on the bionomics of <Episyrphus balteatus> (De Geer) (Diptera:
Syrphidae) in Shanghai ]. J Shanghai Agric College 10(1): 35-43<br>
<br>
Hart AJ, Bale JS & Fenlon JS (1997) Developmental threshold, day-degree
requirements and voltinism of the aphid predator <Episyrphus balteatus>
(Diptera: Syrphidae). Ann Appl Biol 130(3): 427-437<br>
<br>
Best wishes<br>
<br>
Francis<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Dr Francis Gilbert<br>
website: www.nottingham.ac.uk/~plzfg<br>
BioMAP: www.biomapegypt.org<br>
<br>
<br>
-----Original Message-----<br>
From: <a
href="http://fr.mc275.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=syrphidae-bounces@lists.nottingham.ac.uk">syrphidae-bounces@lists.nottingham.ac.uk</a>
[mailto:<a
href="http://fr.mc275.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=syrphidae-bounces@lists.nottingham.ac.uk">syrphidae-bounces@lists.nottingham.ac.uk</a>]
On Behalf Of Francis Gilbert<br>
Sent: 02 July 2010 09:24<br>
To: Hoverfly discussion list<br>
Subject: [Syrphidae] from Mike Bowie<br>
<br>
Hi Folks<br>
can anybody help with temperature threshold info for syphids to allow<br>
day-degrees to be to used to model development time of Eristalis,<br>
Melanostoma and Melangyna species?<br>
Your help would be much appreciated.<br>
cheers<br>
mike<br>
<br>
<br>
Mike Bowie<br>
Senior Technical Officer in Ecology<br>
<br>
AGLS/Ecology<br>
Burns B516<br>
P O Box 84<br>
Lincoln University 7647<br>
Christchurch, New Zealand<br>
<br>
p +64 3 3218388 | f +64 3 3253844<br>
e <a
href="http://fr.mc275.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=mike.bowie@lincoln.ac.nz">mike.bowie@lincoln.ac.nz</a>
| w www.lincoln.ac.nz<br>
<br>
Lincoln University, Te Whare Wanaka o Aoraki<br>
New Zealand's Specialist Land Based University<br>
<br>
Dr Francis Gilbert<br>
www.nottingham.ac.uk/~plzfg<br>
(+44)(0)115 951 3215<br>
BioMAP: www.biomapegypt.org<br>
<br>
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