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Esteemed colleagues
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<div>May I remind you that more than a year ago the University of Nottingham decided that its listserve system would in future be used only for UoN staff and students. </div>
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<div>Since that time, I have been denied editing access to see or amend the membership of this list, and for some reason no one has switched it off. One day, this will happen, probably without warning. </div>
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<div>I urge the Board and members again to take action on this, before the communication door closes. </div>
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<div>Best regards </div>
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<div>Colin</div>
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<div dir="ltr">Sent from my iPhone</div>
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<blockquote type="cite">On 28 Jun 2024, at 21:48, Thomas Sticht <tgsticht@gmail.com> wrote:<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 10pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">
<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black">June 28, 2024</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black">Toward a 4<sup>th</sup> of July Revolution in Adult Learning in Both Military & Civilian Contexts</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black">Tom Sticht, International Consultant in Adult Education (Ret.)</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black">On July 4<sup>th</sup> of each year we celebrate the Declaration of Independence of America from British rule. But true independence came only after a war of revolution was fought.
Over two decades ago I reviewed much of the history of adult education in the United States and noted that in the late 1700s General George Washington ordered Army chaplains in Valley Forge to teach basic literacy skills to soldiers during the Revolutionary
War for independence (Sticht, 2002).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 10pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">
<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black">More recently (Sticht, 2022) I noted that </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black">the military's contribution to the emergence
of the national Adult Education System presently funded by the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act included the development of the technology of mass standardized testing, later used for determining the ”scale of need” for adult literacy and basic education
(ALBE) in the Nation, the development of ALBE programs for developing basic skills (reading,, writing, arithmetic) of tens of thousands of undereducated military personnel in World Wars I and II and the Korean and Vietnam wars of the 1950s and 1960s, and the
development of the tests of General Educational Development (GED) for military personnel who had not finished high school when they entered the military and which, when passed, certified the person as possessing academic knowledge and skills of a high school
equivalency level (Sticht, 2022).</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">
<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black">Last year, in 2023, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine formed an Ad Hoc <span style="border:1pt none windowtext;padding:0in">Committee (2023) on Adult
Learning in the Military and </span>outlined a new program of research and synthesis of literature on <span style="border:1pt none windowtext;padding:0in">adult learning in military environments. The web pages of the committee on Adult Learning in the Military
state that it will “,…draw on literature on adult learning in relevant non-military contexts and note the limitations of applicability to the military. …The committee will develop recommendations related to supporting learning in the military as well as a
research agenda for the Army Research Institute. The committee’s work will be guided by the following questions:</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">
<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black">1.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-feature-settings:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black;border:1pt none windowtext;padding:0in">What
are the motivations shaping learning in adults? How do motivations change (or not) throughout the lifespan and how do these changes impact learning behaviors?</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">
<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black">2.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-feature-settings:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black;border:1pt none windowtext;padding:0in">How
do contextual and equity factors (including but not limited to task/situation; team; organizational; cultural, societal, and life cohort factors) shape the effectiveness of training and of personnel policies and practices? Where is additional research needed?</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">
<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black">3.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-feature-settings:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black;border:1pt none windowtext;padding:0in">What
are the most promising topics related to emerging learning technologies for immediate investment and near-term payoff?</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">
<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black">4.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-feature-settings:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black;border:1pt none windowtext;padding:0in">What
approaches to assessment and evaluation of adult learning and developmental outcomes are most effective? What deficiencies in the current approaches to assessments and evaluation might impede accurate measurement of learning and developmental outcomes?</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">
<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black">5.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-kerning:auto;font-feature-settings:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black;border:1pt none windowtext;padding:0in">What,
if any, additional research investments should be made to better understand adult learning in the military context and to fully utilize contextual factors in achieving organizational effectiveness?”</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black"></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black"> </span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black">A previous review of adult education in the military formulated several “functional context education” principles and procedures that have been productive for adult education in
both military and civilian workplace contexts (Sticht, et al, 1987). Perhaps this new project on adult learning in the military will provide a 4<sup>th</sup> of July revolution for adult education!</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black"> </span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">References</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black">Ad Hoc Committee of the <span style="border:1pt none windowtext;padding:0in">National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2023). </span>Adult Learning in the Military
Context. Online at: </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><a href="https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/adult-learning-in-the-military-context" target="_blank" style="color:blue"><span style="color:rgb(17,85,204);background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/adult-learning-in-the-military-context</span></a></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 10pt;line-height:normal;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">
<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Sticht, T.G., Armstrong, W.B., Hickey, D.T., and Caylor, J.T. (1987).Cast-off Youth: Policy and Training Methods from the Military Experience. New York: Praeger.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 10pt;line-height:normal;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">
<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Sticht, T. (2002). The Rise of the Adult Education and Literacy system in the United States: 1600- 2000. In: J. Comings, B. Garner, & C. Smith (Eds.) Annual Review of Adult Learning and Literacy.
Vol. 3. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Online at: <a href="https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED508720" target="_blank">https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED508720</a></span></p>
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<u><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Sticht, T. (2022). Adult Literacy and Basic Education in the United States. Oxford Research Encyclopedias. Online at:</span></u><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> <a href="https://oxfordre.com/education/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264093-e-1744?d=%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780190264093.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780190264093-e-1744&p=emailAmIJHdYoSIKiw" target="_blank" style="color:blue"><span style="color:rgb(17,85,204)">https://oxfordre.com/education/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264093-e-1744?d=%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780190264093.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780190264093-e-1744&p=emailAmIJHdYoSIKiw</span></a></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,"sans-serif""></span></p>
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