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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:20.0pt">We know now that literacy entails more than cognitive skills.
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:20.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:20.0pt">Carol<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:20.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Carol D. Lee, Ph.D.
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Edwina S. Tarry Professor Emerita<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">School of Education and Social Policy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Northwestern University<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Member, National Academy of Education<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Fellow, American Educational Research Association<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Fellow, National Conference on Language and Literacy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">President, National Academy of Education<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Member, Reading Hall of Fame<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Fellow, International Society of the Learning. Sciences<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Member, National Board for Education Sciences<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:20.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:20.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">From:
</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Reading-hall-of-fame <reading-hall-of-fame-bounces@lists.nottingham.ac.uk> on behalf of Thomas Sticht <tgsticht@gmail.com><br>
<b>Date: </b>Saturday, February 10, 2024 at 12:38 PM<br>
<b>To: </b>reading hall of fame <Reading-hall-of-fame@lists.nottingham.ac.uk><br>
<b>Subject: </b>[Reading-hall-of-fame] National Black History Month 2024<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#323A45">February 10, 2024</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#323A45">February is National Black History Month</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#323A45">The Past is Prologue Part 2: The Intergenerational Transfer of Cognitive Skills (ITCS)<br>
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<span style="color:#323A45">Tom Sticht, International Consultant in Adult Education (Ret.)</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#323A45">Three African American colleagues with whom I have worked have long addressed issues concerning the transfer of literacy and other cognitive skills from parents to their children,
and in some cases vice versa. In April of 1988 I chaired a Conference on the Intergenerational Transfer of Cognitive Skills (ITCS) in San Diego, California where each of these colleagues discussed the role of family influences on the development of cognitive
skills. Each of these presenters had considerable experience with educational research and development in both white and black communities and offered ideas for improving both parental and children’s educational achievements.
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<b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#323A45">Dr. Diane Scott-Jones, Families and Cognitive Development
</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> At the 1988 conference on the ITCS, Scott-Jones reviewed programs aimed at improving economic and educational outcomes for poor minority children, families, and
communities. She concluded that while these programs had had some positive outcomes, “In the future, more attention must be given to family and community control of programs; to delivery systems that do not segregate and stigmatize poor and minority children
and families, to service delivery, monitoring, and evaluation that emphasize family processes over the lifespan; and to policies for the well-being of all children, families, and communities.”</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">She went on to further these recommendations with work at the National Science Foundation where she started a grants program in child learning and development,
<span style="color:#323A45">She served on the American Psychology Association’s Task Force to revise its Ethical Principles for Research with Human Participants and on former President Clinton’s National Bioethics Advisory Commission.</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#323A45">Dr. Diana T. Slaughter-Defoe, Home-School Relations
</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#323A45">Slaughter-Defoe (later Slaughter Kotzin) brought to the 1988 ITCS conference her expertise in human development</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">
focused on black and white families and the discrepancy between how research in the early 1960s and 1970s had focused on creating policies to improve educational achievements of children while more recent R & D was not as clearly policy oriented. She concluded,
“The hard-won, virtually conventional wisdom of the past about the important interface between research in human development and social and educational policy are only infrequently addressed in the more recent research efforts.”</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Slaughter-Defoe continued work on families and educational policy at<span style="color:black"> Northwestern University’s Institute for Policy Research Studies and department of African American
studies</span>.<span style="color:black"> </span>In 2012 she was elected to the National Academy of Education and in 2019, the American Psychological Association designated her a “pioneer woman of color among the first to break into psychology’s ranks.”</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Dr. Warren Simmons, Developing Programs for the ITCS
</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">At the 1988 ITCS conference Simmons discussed issues in the development of educational delivery systems to improve education of underserved students. He had recently published a book
chapter concerned with the uses of computer technology and how this differed in white and minority schools. Simmons went on to serve in several research, development and policy positions carrying out activities to advance educational opportunities for disadvantaged
students. </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In 1998 Simmons became Executive Director of the Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University to improve schools serving economically disadvantaged students, including the use of
computer technology. With his educational technology background in 2006 he was invited by PLATO Learning, Inc. to join its Board of Directors to help advance the use of digital technologies in education. For his many educational services he was awarded the
Distinguished Citizen’s Award by the National Governors Association. </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">And the Past is Prologue</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Shortly following the ITCS conference with its focus on family literacy by Scott-Jones and Slaughter-Defoe and others, the national Even Start program for the development of family literacy
was initiated by the U. S. Congress in 1991. Then in 1998 the U.S. Congress created the Workforce Investment Act with Title II the Adult Education and Family Literacy Act which was carried over into the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) of 2014
which is still ongoing. </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The U.S. Congressionally initiated Museum and Library Services Act of 2010 incorporated instructions for the provision of services and resources for the development of computer technology skills
(referred to as <i>digital literacy</i>) addressed by Simmons at the 1988 ITCS conference. The presently ongoing WIOA supports education for digital literacy defined as “the skills associated with using technology to enable users to find, evaluate, organize,
create, and communicate information”.</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Reference </span>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Chapters by these three Black History Month honorees can be found in: Sticht, T., Beeler, M., & McDonald, B., (Eds.). The Intergenerational Transfer of Cognitive Skills: Volumes I & II: Ablex
Publishing Corporation, Norwood New Jersey</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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