<div dir="ltr"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">July 2, 2023 <br>
<br>
A 4<sup>th</sup> of July Message:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">IET/FCE for Freedom and Independence <br>
<br>
Tom Sticht <br>
International Consultant in Adult Education (Ret.) <br>
<br>
Freedom and independence are never free. They are won by those willing to stand
up and work for these bedrock human values. <br>
<br>
Twice in the 20th century the people of the United States rose up to defend their
freedom and independence. Among these people were hundreds of thousands of
immigrants who came to the United States to gain these human rights and who
then often found themselves fighting their own countrymen to keep these rights.
<br>
<br>
To rapidly teach the English language and literacy during wartime the Army followed
a practice today called IET: Integrated Education and Training or sometimes FCE: Functional Context Education. In this
educational method, English language instruction and job-related instruction are
taught concurrently, in an integrated manner. In both World Wars I and II the
teaching of English was integrated with the teaching of military-related and
morale-building information to help the soldiers learn and perform their jobs
better. <br>
<br>
IET/FCE in World War I, 1917 <br>
<br>
See Uncle Sam. <br>
U.S. stands for Uncle Sam. <br>
U.S. stands for United States. <br>
Uncle Sam stands for United States. <br>
U.S.A. stands for United States of America. <br>
I am for Uncle Sam. <br>
I am for the United States of America. <br>
I stand for Uncle Sam. <br>
Uncle Sam stands for me. <br>
I am an American. <br>
See me stand for Uncle Sam. <br>
<br>
This is the second lesson in the "Camp Reader for American Soldiers" (Spaeth,
1919) used by thousands of foreign-born men who entered the Army in World War I
and needed to learn the English language. In the first lesson, the men learned
to say, "I am an American." <br>
<br>
Used to teach literacy and the English language in what were called Development
Battalions, the Camp Reader was written by J. Duncan Spaeth, Professor of
English, Princeton University, and Educational Director, Army Y. M. C. A. at
Camp Wheeler in Georgia and Camp Jackson in South Carolina. <br>
The book is the first book I have found that was intended to teach both native-born
illiterates and foreign-born immigrants to read and write the English language.
It also includes the first Teacher's Manual that presents a theoretical
understanding of conversational and written English, including an introduction
to "The Phonetic System of Reading" and an Appendix which serves as a
separate Teacher's Manual for those instructing non-English speaking soldiers. <br>
<br>
During World War I some 500,000 immigrants were drafted and thousands more volunteered
for service (Ford, 2001, p. 137). While not all needed to learn English, tens of thousands did need to and
did. One of those who volunteered for the Army was Louis Van Iersel, who was
born in the Netherlands. He learned
English with the help of the Y.M.C.A. and went to war in Germany. There he was
credited for heroism which saved the lives of a thousand men and he was awarded
America's highest military recognition, the Medal of Honor (Ford, 2001, p.
140). <br>
<br>
IET/FCE in World War II, 1943 <br>
<br>
World War II saw the nation once again enlisting hundreds of thousands of men with no or very low literacy skills and
others of foreign birth who could speak and/or write little or no English. Once
again, as in World War I, Special Training Units were established to teach
literacy and English language to these soldiers. <br>
<br>
One of the tools developed for teaching men to read and write was a newspaper
entitled "Our War." In the April 1943 issue there is a comic strip
which features Private Pete and his pal, Daffy, both fictional characters who
are in a Special Training Unit learning to read and write. This strip also
features Pedro, a friend of Pete and Daffy, who cannot speak good English, but is nonetheless a good soldier. In the strip, Pete and
Daffy save Pedro from going A.W.O.L. (absent without official leave) by explaining
what A.W.O.L. means. They offer to help Pedro whenever he is not sure about
something, illustrating how soldiers from different cultural and language
backgrounds can work together. <br>
<br>
In another issue of "Our War" Private Porfirio C. Gutierrez, a
soldier in a Special Training Unit wrote a letter home and said, "This is
my first letter in English. I have learned to read and write so that I can help
protect our country." By the war's end, over a quarter million troops had been
taught literacy and/or English language in the Special Training Units. <br>
<br>
IET/FCE for Today's Immigrants <br>
<br>
Today, hundreds of thousands immigrants
from all over the world are coming to the United States of America in search of freedom and
independence. To meet the needs of many of these immigrants, adult educators
have again developed programs for those
learning the English language follow a similar approach to that of the Army in
World Wars I and II and embed or integrate the teaching of English within the
functional context of vocational training. These integrated job skills and
academic skills (reading, writing, math) programs continue to help thousands
of non-English speaking immigrants
achieve social and economic freedom and independence
in their newly chosen homeland. And they do it faster and with greater retention and completion rates than sequential
programs of English language followed by
vocational education. <br>
<br>
When we celebrate Independence Day this July 4th, we can be grateful that the torch in the hand of the Statue of Liberty
still shines and still stands as a
beacon for those escaping oppression, terrorism, and poverty. Hundreds of thousands of immigrants from the past
fought, and many died, so we could keep the torch of liberty beaming. Our
freedom and independence is intact and thousands of new immigrants arrive each
day to enjoy these human rights. But
these rights are under attack still today, and sadly many of the new immigrants, like their forebears, will
die fighting so that their families and their new American neighbors can
continue to enjoy freedom and independence. <br>
<br>
But freedom and independence are never free. <br>
<br>
References </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><br>
Ford, N. G. (2001). Americans All! Foreign-born Soldiers in World War I. <br>
College Station, TX: Texas A & M University Press. <br>
<br>
Spaeth, J. D. (1919). Camp Reader for American Soldiers. New York: The <br>
International Committee of Young Men's Christian Association.</p></div><div id="DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2"><br><table style="border-top:1px solid #d3d4de"><tr><td style="width:55px;padding-top:13px"><a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail" target="_blank"><img src="https://s-install.avcdn.net/ipm/preview/icons/icon-envelope-tick-round-orange-animated-no-repeat-v1.gif" alt="" width="46" height="29" style="width: 46px; height: 29px;"></a></td><td style="width:470px;padding-top:12px;color:#41424e;font-size:13px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;line-height:18px">Virus-free.<a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail" target="_blank" style="color:#4453ea">www.avast.com</a></td></tr></table><a href="#DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2" width="1" height="1"></a></div>