<div dir="ltr"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Helvetica,"sans-serif"">Greg and all: In some past work on disseminating a
new approach to adult literacy education I noticed what you have indicated in implementing an innovation in education: we found that folks
with the most belief in the new approach created programs that were more
effective than those who were least committed but were mandated to make the
change anyway. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Helvetica,"sans-serif"">But the problem of why increases in reading at the 4<sup>th</sup>
and 8<sup>th</sup> grades do not show up at the 12<sup>th</sup> grades in the
NAEP assessments is a puzzle to me. For instance, NAEP data show that in 1992
in the 4<sup>th</sup> grade, there were 38% reading in the Below Basic level,
34% in the Basic level, 22% in the Proficient level, and 6% in the Advanced
level. By 2017 the percentage in the Below Basic level dropped to 32%, Basic dropped
to 31% while Proficient increased to 31%, and Advanced increased to 9%. This
suggests that perhaps research and implementation may have had some positive effects
over time.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Helvetica,"sans-serif"">Similarly, at grade 8, 1992 scores were 31 Below
Basic, 40 Basic, 26 Proficient , and Advanced 3%, and by 2017 they were 24 BB,
40B, 32P, and A4%, showing a drop in Below Basic, no change in Basic, but increases
in the two highest levels of Proficient and Advanced.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Helvetica,"sans-serif"">This suggests to me that perhaps reading instruction interventions
in the early grades lead to improvements in the 4<sup>th</sup> grade which may
have persisted into 5<sup>th</sup>, 6<sup>th</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup> and into the
8<sup>th</sup> grade. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Helvetica,"sans-serif"">But in the 12<sup>th</sup> grade, in 1992 the numbers
were 20BB, 39B, 36P, and A4% and in 2015 the numbers were 28BB, 35B, 31P, A6%. So
there was in increase in the Below Basic, a decrease in the Basic and
Proficient levels, and a 2 percentage point increase in the Advanced level. The
average score in 1992 was 290 and by 2019 it was 285, the same as it was 48 years
earlier in 1971. So it seems as if the gains in the 4<sup>th</sup> and 8<sup>th</sup>
grades did not carry over into the 12<sup>th</sup> grades, though perhaps they
may have influenced the 2 percentage point gain in Advanced proficiency.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Helvetica,"sans-serif"">At any rate, the 12<sup>th</sup> grade, 17 year old average
data seem pretty flat for some 48 years and why reading research has not
affected this average as it seems to have at the 4<sup>th</sup> and perhaps the
8<sup>th</sup> grades seems important to understand. The purpose of the k-12
system is to produce well educated, literate adults and 17 year olds are about
to move into adulthood with the average literacy skills of 1971 when a greater
proportion of better paying jobs are demanding college levels of literacy. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Helvetica,"sans-serif"">I have read some news articles claiming some colleges
are lowering their academic skills requirements for entrance and that
developmental reading courses at many colleges are increasing. I don’t know if
this is true or not, but if work is demanding more college level education, and
high school graduates are mostly scoring below Proficient on the NAEP tests,
then this may mean that a large percentage of our population of young adults
are going to find it difficult to get and keep a well-paying, family-supporting
job. This is a real challenge to our educational system and the NAEP data seem
to me to indicate that our R & D efforts so far have not been adequate in
increasing young adult literacy skills. What is to be done?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Helvetica,"sans-serif"">Tom Sticht</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Helvetica,"sans-serif""> </span></p></div>