SV: [Maths-Education] Top 3 titles in Maths Ed?

Bettina Dahl Søndergaard maths-education@nottingham.ac.uk
Tue, 2 Dec 2003 10:12:23 +0100


This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------_=_NextPart_001_01C3B8B4.656DA0CB
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Dear all of you,=20
=20
I would agree that "Grouws, D. A. Ed. (1992) Handbook of Research on =
Mathematics Teaching and Learning, New York: Macmillan" definitely =
belongs in top 3.
=20
The other books mentioned by Paola and Paul are indeed very significant =
ones. However, I think that John Mason's (et al.) book: "Thinking =
Mathematically" also belongs on the list. I think it was first published =
in 1985 but during the 1990's it has been translated into several =
languages, for instance Chinese.=20
=20
A question - does "the most influential or significant books since 1990" =
mean books published in the 1990's and/or books that have been cited =
during the 1990s? In case of the latter I would also suggests "classics" =
such as Polya, Vygotsky and Piaget - not to forget good old Wittgenstien =
:-)
=20
Actually I think that it's difficult to create a general top 3 for books =
in general math education. Math education is a very broad field of =
research covering psychology, sociology, philosophy etc. etc. and what =
books people cite would depend on their more specific sub field. So =
perhaps it would be easier to find a top 3 within each of these sub =
fields. This is just a suggestion.
=20
Bettina
=20

=20

	-----Opprinnelig melding-----=20
	Fra: Paola Valero=20
	Sendt: fr 28.11.2003 19:12=20
	Til: Nottingham list=20
	Kopi:=20
	Emne: Re: [Maths-Education] Top 3 titles in Maths Ed?
=09
=09

	=
*************************************************************************=
**********************************=20
	This message has been generated through the Mathematics Education email =
discussion list.=20
	Hitting the REPLY key sends a message to all list members.=20
	=
*************************************************************************=
**********************************=20
	If "top 3" means books that have been broadly cited in both English and =
non=20
	English speaking research, and therefore have influenced research done =
in=20
	the field I would say:=20

	Grouws, D. A. Ed. (1992) Handbook of Research on Mathematics Teaching =
and=20
	Learning, New York: Macmillan.=20

	(Agree with Paul)=20

	Ernest, P. (1991). The philosophy of mathematics education. London: =
Falmer.=20

	This book opened for discussions about the connection between the =
philosophy=20
	of maths and maths education, and supported many of the social=20
	constructivist reform trends in many countries.=20

	Skovsmose, O. (1994). Towards a philosophy of critical mathematics=20
	education. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer.=20

	Paul doubts... Well, I would say that this book is one of the most well =

	written books in the field. It not only presents a solid theoretical=20
	investigation on the role of mathematics in current technological =
societies,=20
	but also explores the implications of such a role in education. The =
book=20
	opens a theoretical landscape that has attracted the attention of a =
broad=20
	number of researchers in many countries. The book has alsoo been =
translated=20
	into Spanish:=20

	Skovsmose, O. (2000). Hacia una filosof=EDa de la educaci=F3n =
matem=E1tica=20
	cr=EDtica. Bogota, Colombia: una empresa docente.=20


	Paola=20




	Paul Ernest=20
	"Paul Ernest" wrote:=20

	> =
*************************************************************************=
*****=20
	> *****************************=20
	> This message has been generated through the Mathematics Education =
email=20
	> discussion list.=20
	> Hitting the REPLY key sends a message to all list members.=20
	> =
*************************************************************************=
*****=20
	> *****************************=20
	> Here's an interesting question=20
	>=20
	> What do you think were the Top 3 titles in Maths Ed since=20
	> 1990?=20
	>=20
	> What I mean are the most influential or significant books=20
	> since 1990. Either in maths ed or with a powerful impact=20
	> on maths ed research. I think it's a very interesting=20
	> question, but I also have a vested interest - to help stock=20
	> up our library!=20
	>=20
	> My personal choices are:=20
	>=20
	> 1. Grouws, D. A. Ed. (1992) Handbook of Research on=20
	> Mathematics Teaching and Learning, New York: Macmillan.=20
	>=20
	> Of all the handbooks this was the most authoritative and=20
	> provided up to the minute surveys. (Frank Lester is=20
	> currently editing the new one - but it will take a couple=20
	> of years)=20
	>=20
	> 2. Steffe, L. P. and Gale, J. Eds (1995) Constructivism in=20
	> Education, Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum=20
	> Associates.=20
	>=20
	> Maybe=20
	>=20
	> 3. Skovsmose, O. (1994) Towards a Philosophy of Critical=20
	> Mathematics Education, Dordrecht: Kluwer.=20
	>=20
	> Maybe=20
	>=20
	> It's very tough! I sort of lost conviction after no. 1=20
	> (although I rate 2 & ? very highly!)=20
	>=20
	> I was tempted to put in Peter Gates recent edited book. Its=20
	> good - but that important?=20
	>=20
	> What do you think?=20
	>=20
	> Paul=20
	> _____________________________________________________=20
	> Professor Paul Ernest=20
	> Leader of Masters and Doctoral Degree Programmes in=20
	> Mathematics Education    Phone: +44-1392-264796=20
	> University of Exeter     Secretary: +44-1392-264877=20
	> School of Education & LL Fax: +44-1392-264736=20
	> Heavitree Road           Email: p.ernest@ex.ac.uk=20
	> Exeter  EX1 2LU, UK      Web: http://www.ex.ac.uk/~PErnest/=20
	>=20
	>=20
	> +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=20
	> An international directory of mathematics educators is available on =
the web at=20
	> www.nottingham.ac.uk/csme/directory/main.html=20
	> ______________________________________________=20
	> Maths-Education mailing list=20
	> Maths-Education@nottingham.ac.uk=20
	> http://lists.nottingham.ac.uk/mailman/listinfo/maths-education=20
	>=20

	****************=20
	Paola Valero=20
	Department of Education and Learning=20
	Aalborg University=20
	Langagervej 8=20
	9220 Aalborg East, Denmark=20
	Tel. +45 96359782=20
	Fax +45 98156542=20
	E-mail: paola@learning.auc.dk=20
	******************=20


	+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=20
	An international directory of mathematics educators is available on the =
web at www.nottingham.ac.uk/csme/directory/main.html

	______________________________________________=20
	Maths-Education mailing list=20
	Maths-Education@nottingham.ac.uk=20
	http://lists.nottingham.ac.uk/mailman/listinfo/maths-education=20

=09
=09
	#############################
=09
	Bettina Dahl Soendergaard
	Raadgiver / Adviser
	Ph.D. [RUC], M.Sc. [Oxon], cand.scient. et B.Sc. [AAU]
=09
	Nasjonalt Senter for Matematikk i Opplaeringen / Norwegian Centre for =
Mathematics Education
	Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
	Realfagbygget A4, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway=20
=09
	E-mail: bdahls@math.ntnu.no
	Centre URL: http://www.matematikksenteret.no =
<http://www.matematikksenteret.no/>=20
	Private URL: http://www.geocities.com/hyllebusk
	Tel: +47 73 59 52 47=20
	Fax: +47 73 55 11 40
	Mobile: +47 40078100 (Norway)
	Mobile: +45 40810778 (Denmark)
=09
	#######  FLOREAT AULA  #######=20


------_=_NextPart_001_01C3B8B4.656DA0CB
Content-Type: application/ms-tnef;
	name="winmail.dat"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
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------_=_NextPart_001_01C3B8B4.656DA0CB--